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PL07
THEOTOCONIALPATHOLOGIESRELATEDTOBPPV–AREVIEW
DavidJ.LIM
DepartmentofHeadNeckSurgery,UCLAGeffenSchoolofMedicine,LosAngeles,CA,USA
Goal:Thisreviewistounderstandwhataretheotoconialpathologiesandtheirrolesinthepositionalvertigo.
Method:Thisreviewisbasedonlargelytheauthor’spublicationanduptodatepublishedpapersconcerningcellandmolecularmechanismsinvolvedinotoconiaformationandmalformation,maintenance,degenerationanddetachmentrelevanttotheotoconialpathology.
Discussion:Whiletheexactcellularandmolecularmechanismsinvolvedintheformationoftheotoconiaarenotfullyunderstood,somemechanismsarenowknownwiththeadventofmoleculartechniquesandgene-modifiedmicemodels.Itisnowbelievedthatearlyotoconiaformationrequirespecificproteinssynthesizedbythesupportingcellsservingasnucleiandcalciumionisattractedtoformmineralizedotoconia.Numberofessentialproteinsfortheformationoftheotoconiahavebeenidentified:otopetrine(Otop),NADHoxidase3(NOX3),PlasmaMembraneCa-ATPase(PMCA2),andheadtilt(het)mutantslackotoconia.Otoconin-90and-95consideredaprincipalotoconialmatrixproteins.Otogelinisrelatedtotheacellularotoconialmembrane.Pendrin(PDS)mutantsexhibiteddeficientormalformedotoconia.Itishypothesizedthatamongcertainindividuals,particularlyamongagingpopulation,whohaspropensitytodevelopotoconialdetachmentisduetothereducedproductionofyet-to-beidentifiedadhesionmoleculesanchoringotoconiagelatinlayertothesensoryepithelium.
Conclusion:Lossofinter-otoconialadhesionmoleculesandadhesionmoleculesintheacellulargelatinlayerwillbethetargetforthebiomarkerdiscoveryforidentifyinghighriskgroupandpotentialfutureclinicalapplication.
PL07
BPPV相关耳石病理学(综述)
DavidJ.LIM
美国,洛杉矶,加州大学洛杉矶分校格芬医学院,耳鼻咽喉头颈外科
目的:本文回顾耳石病理学及其在良性阵发性位置性眩晕(BPPV)中的作用。
方法:本文大部分基于作者发表的文章和最新文献,涉及耳石病理学相关的耳石形成和畸形、维持、变性、脱落的细胞和分子机制。
讨论:目前对于耳石形成的确切细胞及分子机制还不是很明确,但随着分子技术以及基因修饰小鼠模型的出现,一些机制已经明确。现在人为耳石的形成过程是先由支持细胞合成特定蛋白质作为核心,之后钙离子吸附于核心并逐步形成矿化的耳石。耳石形成的必须蛋白成员包括:otopetrine(Otop),烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸-还原态(NADH)氧化酶3(NOX3)、质膜钙ATP酶(PMCA2)以及缺耳石的头倾斜(tet)突变体。Otoconia-90和-95被认为是最主要的耳石基质蛋白,而Otogelin与非细胞成份的耳石膜相关。Pendrin基因突变(PDS,Pendredsyndrome,Pendred综合征)表现出耳石数量不足或出现异常耳石。有一种猜想,将耳石胶质层固定于感觉上皮的粘附分子减少,是某些人群,尤其老年人易发生耳石脱落的原因。
结论:耳石内及非细胞胶质层内粘附分子的减少可通过相关的生物标志物进行检测。该技术可应用于临床,将有助于评估BPPV发生的风险。
(毕竞韬译,刘博校,首都医科医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科)
SP01-1
BPPV-UpdateControversies
“LIGHTCUPULA”–NEWPERSPECTIVEOFOTOLITHINDEPENDENTBENIGNPAROXYSMAL
POSITIONALVERTIGO
Min-BeomKIM
DepartmentofOtolaryngology–HeadandNeckSurgery,KangbukSamsungHospital,SungkyunkwanUniversity
SchoolofMedicine,Seoul,Korea
Benignparoxysmalpositionalvertigo(BPPV)isoneofthemost